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Agnieszka Holland (born 28 November 1948) is a Polish film and television director and screenwriter. Best known for her political contributions to Polish cinema, Holland is one of Poland's most eminent filmmakers. She began her career as assistant to directors Krzysztof Zanussi and Andrzej Wajda, and emigrated to France shortly before the 1981 imposition of the martial law in Poland. Holland is best known for her films ''Europa Europa'' (1991) and her 2011 drama ''In Darkness'', which was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oscars 2012: Nominees in full )〕 ==Personal life== Holland was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1948. She is the daughter of journalists Irena (née Rybczyńska) and Henryk Holland.〔(Agnieszka Holland profile ), FilmReference.com; accessed 24 November 2015.〕 Holland's mother was Catholic and her father Jewish, but she was not brought up in any religious faith. Her father was a member of the Communist Party of Poland who served in the Red Army during World War II. After the war, he returned to Stalinist Poland and wrote propaganda articles attacking the Polish underground Home Army.〔Stanisław Michalkiewicz, (Stalinięta straszą, by powrócić ) ''Bibula'', 25 June 2010; "Jak wiadomo, terror był wówczas zjawiskiem codziennym, a towarzyszyła mu oszczercza, czarna propaganda, w której – tak się akurat złożyło – specjalizował się ojciec pani Agnieszki, Henryk Holland. Zasłynął on bowiem podówczas z publikacji szkalujących Armię Krajową i jej żołnierzy, którzy – jeśli nie zostali zamordowani, to właśnie gnili w więzieniach."〕 His own parents were killed in the Warsaw Ghetto; Holland's mother participated in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising as a member of the Polish resistance movement. Holland's Catholic mother aided several Jews during the Holocaust and received the Righteous Among the Nations medal from the Yad Vashem Institute in Israel.〔http://www.npr.org/2012/02/19/146806258/polands-holland-exploring-holocaust-history-again〕 Holland was often ill as a child, and spent much of her time writing, drawing and directing short plays with other children.〔Tibbets, John and Agnieszka Holland. “The Interview with Agnieszka Holland: The Politics of Ambiguity”, ''Quarterly Review of Film and Video''. 25:2, pp. 132-43.〕 Holland's father died under police interrogation when she was 13 years old. Although official reports labeled his death a suicide, his family and others believe he was murdered by the communist police, by defenestration. Holland’s mother later married journalist Stanislaw Brodzki.〔Crnković, Gordana & Holland, Agnieszka. ( “Interview with Agnieszka Holland” ), ''Quarterly Review of Film and Video'', Vol. 52, No 2 (Winter, 1998-1999), pp. 2-9 (download)〕 Holland attended the Stefan Batory Gymnasium and Lyceum in Warsaw. After high school, she studied at the Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (FAMU) because, as she said in an interview, she thought the Czechoslovak films of the 1960s were very interesting: "I watched first films of Miloš Forman, Ivan Passer, and Vera Chytilova. They seemed to be fantastically interesting to me, unlike what was being made in Poland at that time".〔(Na czeskiej fali, Agnieszka Holland - wywiad ) retrieved March 9, 2013〕 At FAMU, she also met her future husband and fellow director, Laco Adamik. Holland witnessed the Prague Spring of 1968 while in Czechoslovakia, and was arrested for her support of the dissident movement for the government reforms and political liberalization. Holland graduated from FAMU in 1971.〔 Her daughter with Adamik, Kasia (born 28 December 1972), is also a director.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kasia Adamik )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Agnieszka Holland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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